中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
口腔种植体集采平均降幅55% 预计年节约患者费用40亿元****** 记者 张 敏 舒娅疆 1月11日上午，口腔种植体系统集中带量采购在四川开标，并产生拟中选结果。据国家医保局介绍，此次集采拟中选产品平均中选价格降至900余元，与集采前中位采购价相比，平均降幅55%。本次集采共有55家企业参与，其中39家拟中选，中选率71%，汇聚全国近1.8万家医疗机构的需求量，达287万套种植体系统，约占国内年种植牙数量(400万颗)的72%，预计每年可节约患者费用40亿元左右。 一位参与集采投标的企业代表告诉《证券日报》记者：“我们是一家海外药企的中国区总代理。集采相关文件出台以后，公司积极参与集采(投标)。前期已与客户进行了调查沟通，并和厂家进行了政策、价格等方面的沟通。从本次参与集采的报价来说，我们产品降幅力度较大，在与其他企业的一些产品进行对比之后，我们的产品应该是中端系列里性价比较高的。从A类产品投标情况来看，公司入围中标的概率可能较小，未来还会积极关注集采和相关政策信息。” 三类主要费用构成 有望同步下降 据悉，口腔种植的费用大致分为种植体、牙冠和医疗服务三个部分。种植牙价格从几千元到一两万元不等，其中，种植体费用占比约为三分之一。本次集采通过以量换价，挤出种植体的价格水分。 国家医保局介绍，集采前价格较高的士卓曼、登士柏、诺保科种植体系统从原采购中位价5000元降至1850元左右，市场需求量最大的奥齿泰、登腾种植体系统从原采购中位价1500元左右降至770元左右；纳入了四级纯钛及钛合金2种材质性能更好、临床认可度更高的种植体，并覆盖了口腔种植体其他耗材部件，能够满足绝大多数临床使用需求。 口腔种植体系统集中带量采购的一位特邀专家在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示，通过本次集采，患者未来需要花费的费用会更低，对于机构来说，口腔种植价格也会更加公开透明，方便患者寻求质量更好的医疗服务。 国家医保局介绍，未来将做好集采中选结果落地实施前的准备工作，近期还将对种植牙过程中配套使用的牙冠耗材开展竞价挂网，同步落实口腔种植医疗服务价格全流程调控，使种植牙服务的三类主要费用构成同步下降。通过多项措施协同发力，预计2023年3月下旬到4月中旬，种植牙费用综合治理结果落地实施，患者将全面享受到降价后的种植牙服务。 “通过以上多项治理措施，预计种植一颗牙的整体费用(含医疗服务、种植体和牙冠)有望降低50%左右。当然以上只是平均价格降幅。具体情况中，如果原来价格较高的降幅将更为明显，原来已经平价种植的也将有所降价，总体看群众费用负担将显著减轻。”国家医保局介绍。 1.4万家民营医疗机构参与 推动国产种植体销售研发 此次口腔种植体系统集采是高值耗材集采从医保领域扩围到非医保领域的首次尝试。 由于种植牙并未被纳入医保报销范围，充分调动医疗机构，特别是民营医疗机构参与集采的积极性，也是本次集采的难点之一。据记者从现场获得的数据，1.4万家民营医疗机构参加了此次集采，占医疗机构总数的80%。参与集采的医疗机构范围较广，意味着通过集采有利于实现“以量换价”。 有券商发布的研报认为，目前国内种植牙市场空间大但渗透率仍较低，未来若集采工作顺利推进，将有利于种植牙渗透率的提升，而龙头口腔连锁机构也有望以价换量。 据了解，本次集采共有55家企业参与，其中39家拟中选，中选率71%。中选企业既包括一些知名国际企业，也包括威海威高、常州百康特等国内企业。对此，有分析人士认为，这不仅优化了种植牙耗材的供应结构，而且有利于国产种植体生产企业的销售和研发，最终将有利于国内患者享受到质优价宜的种植牙产品。 快三开户地图 |
